Psilocybe aztecorum is still ceremonially used by the indigenous peoples of Oaxaca[27] and Nahua in the Popocatépetl region,[12][28] although this use is gradually decreasing. [1] Traditional healers or curanderos are familiar with psychoactive mushrooms (and other psychotropic plants used in ceremonial rituals) and diagnose diseases by letting the client ingest the mushrooms. A mixed curander initiation ritual involves ingesting mushrooms after a period of “abstinence from talking, sexual intercourse, and all foods except nuts for three days, after which the individual climbs a mountain, feeds on only a little honey, and prays to God for the power to heal.” [29] The statue of the Aztec “god of flowers”, Xochipilli, a 16th century stone portrait. Excavated on the side of the Popocatépetl volcano, shows a single figure sitting cross-legged on a temple-shaped pedestal; His body is covered with sculptures of sacred and psychoactive organisms. Circular patterns on his kneecaps, right forearm and headdress were interpreted by R. Gordon Wasson as stylized fruiting bodies of Psilocybe aztecorum. Wasson says the convex shape and curved edges depicted in these images show the mushroom caps just before maturity. [22] [23] P. aztecorum is, along with P. caerulescens, one of the two fungi considered to be the species described as Teonanácatl by the Spanish chronicler Bernardino de Sahagún in the 16th century. The word teonanácatl (Nahuatl pronunciation: [teoːnaˈnakat͡ɬ]) has been variously translated as “sacred or divine mushroom” or “flesh of the gods”. [13] [24] [25] These mushrooms, considered sacred sacraments by the Aztecs, were consumed during spiritual and divinatory rituals to evoke hallucinatory visions.
[1] [11] [26] These two terms are similar, but they mean two different things. First, legalizing a prohibited activity creates a legal context and repeals all kinds of penalties. The gills are adnate (widely attached to the peduncle slightly above the underside of the gills) or appended (reaching the stem, but not attached to it) and are light purple-grey to dark purple-brown. They are either uniformly colored or have whitish edges. The hollow stem measures 5.5 to 7.5 cm (2.2 to 3.0 inches) by 3 to 4 mm (0.12 to 0.16 inches) thick, the same width or thicker at the top, cylindrical or sometimes flattened, and straight or with twists and turns. Its surface is smooth, silky-fibrillant, whitish to grayish and becomes irregularly blue-green to the touch or aged. The base of the stem is densely covered with well-developed white rhizomorphs. Young mushrooms have a white spiderweb-like partial veil that does not last long before disappearing, although it sometimes remains as a non-permanent ring on the upper part of the stem. The flesh is whitish to yellowish-yellow or reddish-yellow in the cap or reddish-brown in the stem and shows little or no bluish reaction to injuries. Like most bluish psilocybe mushrooms, the smell and taste of P. aztecorum in fresh specimens is slightly mealy (similar to freshly ground flour); Dried specimens have a more intense odor.
A drop of diluted potassium hydroxide (KOH) makes the cap, stem and flesh reddish-brown; Sometimes the stem does not color or becomes slightly yellowish. The imprint of the spores is blackish purple. [1] Phoenix residents will be able to consider Aug. 1 whether their city council should proceed with a measure for the November vote asking voters if they want to ban facilities related to the therapeutic use of psilocybin mushrooms. That hallucinogenic trip, and how he then unpacked it, he said, “was one of the most important experiences of my life,” he said. Since then, he has traveled abroad four or five times for hallucinogenic trips, most recently with mushrooms. Related: Decriminalization vs. Legalization Comparison. Psilocybin, also known as magic mushrooms, is used by some treatment centers to combat addiction, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
The state measure allows for the creation of treatment centres and facilities to establish the compound, which is psychoactive and hallucinogenic. But the measure allows counties and cities to send the issue back to their constituents to ban its use in their jurisdiction. This desert state is home to large populations of 🌵 psychedelic cacti — but they`re only legal for religious use. Ketamine is also illegal in Arizona, but only for recreational use. Unlike the substances mentioned above, the law allows the medical use of ketamine. There are several ketamine treatment centers in Arizona. With promising results for patients, lawmakers in other states and cities are also considering easing psilocybin restrictions. Some states want to legalize psilocybin treatment for all adult patients, while others want to limit it to veterans or others with PTSD. Other States have formed working groups to investigate the problem. Arizona will also join the ranks of states that have legalized recreational marijuana. The species was first described in 1956 by French mycologist Roger Heim as a variety of Psilocybe mexicana, before he officially described it by its current name a year later. Named after its association with the Nahua people, also called Aztecs, P.
aztecorum may have been one of the sacred mushroom species, or teonanácatl (a Nahuatl word variously translated as “sacred mushroom” or “flesh of the gods”), reported in the 16th-century codices of the Spanish chronicler Bernardino de Sahagún. Mushrooms are still used for spiritual ceremonies by the Nahuas in the Popocatépetl region, although this traditional use is declining. The variety P. aztecorum var. Bonetii has smaller spores than the main variety and is found at lower altitudes with Montezuma pine (Pinus montezumae) and sacred fir (Abies religiosa). P. aztecorum can be distinguished from similar temperate species such as P. baeocystis and P.
quebecensis by their ranges and by differences in the morphology of microscopic structures such as cystidia. Under Title 13e of the Arizona Penal Code Revised Statutes § 13-3401, psilocybin and psilocin, as found in mushrooms, are classified as dangerous drugs, along with many other drugs that do not fall under the classification of narcotics. It is illegal to harvest and dry magic mushroom species in the state of Arizona. Only spore prints are legal because they do not contain psilocybin. In November 2020, voters passed state Measure 109, which legalized the therapeutic use of psilocybin starting in 2023. Phoenix residents approved the measure by a margin of 60 percent to 40 percent, according to the statement at the July 18 City Council meeting. cities such as Ann Arbor, Michigan; Denver; Oakland, California; and Seattle have passed measures that essentially decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms and sometimes other psychedelics derived from plants or mushrooms. Cities do not distinguish between medical and recreational uses. A decade ago, recreational marijuana was illegal in all 50 states, but the legalization of Colorado and Washington in 2012 sparked a subsequent legalization movement in 11 states and Washington DC. In 2020, Oregon voters approved an election measure that puts the state on the path to a regulatory and licensing framework that will allow patients to take psilocybin under supervision starting in 2023.