When citing a previously cited source (with the exception of the footnote immediately preceding it), an abbreviated form of the citation may be given with a reference (in parentheses) to the footnote number in which the citation was given in full (as below) – each researcher uses sources of information. They are important and mandatory because they show how and where you got your information. This practice is called citation. You should know that VU University Amsterdam has signed the “Dutch Code of Conduct for Academic Practice”, which sets out the principles of appropriate academic training and research in terms of accuracy, reliability, verifiability, impartiality and independence. The Academic Integrity Committee (IOC) oversees the integrity of research. The Student Charter 2015-2016 states that student fraud, including plagiarism, will be dealt with by the respective examination boards. The correct use and citation of sources and literature is an important element of academic integrity. How to cite sources? There are many different styles around the world, each with its own conventions for referencing books, articles, websites, images, etc. An example of the same reference in two different styles: the Modern Language Association (MLA) style and the American Psychological Associations (APA) style. McCracken v Melbourne Storm Rugby League Football Club [2005] NSWSC 107 This quote is a moderately neutral quote. This citation method is designed to allow unpublished judgments to be referenced. In the example above, 2005 is the year the case was decided, NSWSC stands for the Supreme Court of New South Wales; 107 is the case number assigned by the Court. There are also many free citation managers on the internet, some are better than others.
For an example, see: Citation Machine. Todorovic v. Waller (1981) 150 CLR 402 In the case of quotations in parentheses ( ), the year is not essential for the location of the case. Watts v. Turpin [2000] Aust Tort`s Reports 81-544 The cases published by CCH have a slightly different citation style. Numbers like 81-544, as noted above, are references to paragraphs. These numbers appear at the bottom of the page in CHC reports. Numbers that do not contain a hyphen are references to page numbers. These numbers appear at the top of the page in CHC reports.
Lawyers are known for their terrible writings. They construct unreadable sentences and use jargon that sounds pompous. Sometimes this type of writing is useful to hide the fact that your arguments are weak. Most of the time, however, poor handwriting won`t do you any favors: most importantly, you`ll frustrate your caregiver. As you write your thesis, you may want to review some recommendations for good legal writing for inspiration, like this one. Here are my own recommendations for good writing: Unfortunately, there are no universally accepted citation conventions for every area of study. You should use the style that applies in your own field or in the journal where you want to publish your article. Example: Simiolus review style sheet for art history. Here is a list of styles commonly used at VU University Amsterdam, but you should always ask your tutor the right style! The main goal of SEO is to make your sources transparent and allow readers to find them. In addition, your SEO should ideally be consistent. Different disciplines use different reference styles; In legal texts, it is customary to indicate in footnotes. Ask your supervisor if they prefer a particular SEO style.
The answer will often be “no”. In this case, the best strategy is to choose a common SEO style and follow it. One option is OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities). The name of the case should NOT be included in a footnote quotation if it appears in the sentence accompanying the footnote. For example – In your text: In News Corporation v. Lenfest Communications Inc.129, the Court had to consider the implications. Footnote: 129 (1996) 21 DCCP 553. Macpherson v. Kevin J Prunty & Associates [1983] 1 VR 573 For bracketed citations [ ], the year is of the essence because the series of reports does not have a volume number or, as in this case, begins with volume 1 each year. Learning Objective In this module, you will learn correct citation and citation conventions in your own field of study. Correct citation conventions are one of the topics of the Dutch Code of Conduct for Scientific Practice. This module also gives you practical tools for managing and exchanging literature.
If you are quoting a printed version of a legal encyclopedia, a volume number should be included with the date the chapter was last updated (not the retrieval date). In this module, you learned that you should always cite a source when citing someone else`s work.